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Hermann Schaper
''SS-Hauptsturmführer'' Hermann Schaper (born 12 August 1911 at Strassburg im Elsass, Germany – deceased), was a German member of the NSDAP (card number 105606) and ''SS'' (No. 3484) during the Second World War. He was a Holocaust perpetrator responsible for atrocities committed by the ''Einsatzgruppen'' in Poland and the Soviet Union and was convicted after the war of numerous war crimes.〔
==Wartime activities==
Schaper joined the ''SS'' and was promoted to the rank of ''SS-Untersturmführer'' on 20 April 1935. He achieved the rank of ''SS-Obersturmführer'' on 20 April 1937. Before the 1939 invasion of Poland, Schaper worked at the SD principal offices in the Third Reich. During the German occupation of Poland Schaper served as ''SS-Hauptsturmführer'', the captain of ''Kommando SS Zichenau-Schröttersburg'' – a Nazi ''Einsatzgruppe'', one of five such formations created in eastern Poland and composed of 500–1000 functionaries of the SS and Gestapo. Schaper operated in the Płock (renamed Schröttersburg) district administered by Count von der Groeben. His superior was a Gestapo chief based in Ciechanów (renamed Zichenau).〔Thomas Urban, ("Poszukiwany Hermann Schaper" (A Wanted Man), ) ''Rzeczpospolita'', 01.09.01 Nr 204. 〕
Schaper's death squad was deployed in the newly formed ''Bezirk Bialystok'' district soon after the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Himmler himself visited Białystok on 30 June 1941 and pronounced that more forces were needed in the area, because the massive chase after the fleeing Red Army left behind a security vacuum. On 3 July additional formation of ''Schutzpolizei'' arrived in the city from the General Government, led by ''SS-Hauptsturmführer'' Wolfgang Birkner, veteran of ''Einsatzgruppe'' IV from the Polish Campaign. The relief unit, called ''kommando Bialystok'', was sent in by ''SS-Obersturmbannfuhrer'' Eberhard Schöngarth on orders from the Reich Main Security Office, due to reports of Soviet guerrilla activity in the area with Jews being of course immediately suspected of helping them out. On 10 July 1941 Schaper's ''Einsatzgruppe'' was subdivided into dozens of smaller commandos (''Einsatzkommandos'') numbering from several to several scores of people whose mission was to kill Jews, alleged communists and the Soviet NKVD collaborators in the captured territories often far behind the advancing German front. The entire ''Einsatzgruppe'' employed the same, systematic method of mass killing across many Polish villages and towns in the vicinity of Białystok. Schaper's murderous rampage south-east of East Prussia is fairly well documented, and included Wizna (end of June), Wąsosz (5 July), Radziłów (7 July), Jedwabne (10 July), Łomża (early August), Tykocin (22–25 August), Rutki (4 September), Piątnica, Zambrów as well as other locations.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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